i love making interesting videos. the mostinteresting topics are often exceptions—deviations from the norm. all of us live in countries,where there are laws and rules and governing bodies telling us what we can and can’tdo. but, 70% of the world is ocean, where there are no countries—no governing bodiesto tell us what’s right and wrong. that’s why maritime law exists. let’s start witha hypothetical: a baby is born on a cruise
Offshore Europe Job Vacancies, ship sailing in the middle of the atlanticocean. what nationality does it take? this is the coast of some fictional placein some fictional country governed by some fictional government. from this line, whichis the water line at the lowest low tide, every country is allowed 12 miles of territorialwaters. it used to be 3 miles—the distance
a cannon could shoot off shore—but thathas since changed. those twelve miles are the property of a country. they can do prettymuch whatever they please in it and all domestic laws apply. foreign ships are, however, sometimesallowed to enter into these waters under the principle of innocent passage. if ships havean innocent purpose—which does not include fishing, polluting, weapons practice, or spying—theyare allowed to pass through territorial waters of a foreign nation without permission aslong as they do so quickly and without stopping on shore. beyond the territorial waters thereis another 12 miles of the contiguous zone. this zone allows a country to enforce lawsas long as they fall into one of four categories. if the laws have to do with customs, taxation,immigration, or pollution, they can be enforced
in the contiguous zone. beyond the contiguouswaters is the exclusive economic zone, also known as the eez. this zone extends 200 nauticalmiles from shore. beyond the territorial waters the eez is in international waters, however,only the country who holds the exclusive economic zone has the right to harvest natural resourcesin this area. this law was originally set up to help with disputes over fishing rightsbut has since been incredibly useful with the boom in oil drilling. all these laws do,however, occasionally cause some disputes due to overlapping zones. this is the southchina sea—an incredibly important waterway. nearly 1/3rd of the world’s shipping trafficpasses through it and it reportedly has huge untapped oil reserves. china has this landso it says it has all this water, malaysia
has this land so it says it has all this water,vietnam has this land so it says it has all this water, brunei has this land so it saysit has all this water, the philippines has this land so it says it has all this water,and taiwan has this land so it says it has all this water. when two countries are lessthan 400 nautical miles away from each other, it is up to them to decide where their respectiveeconomic zones end. most solve it civilly by separating the zones at the equidistantpoint from each of their shores, however, when the stakes are so high, such as in thesouth china sea, countries can be a bit less cordial. so, our cruise ship baby. let’schange the hypothetical and say that the cruise ship was sailing in us territorial waters—lessthan 12 miles away from shore. every oceangoing
vessel is required to be registered in somecountry. you’ll notice that most large cruise ships are registered in tiny far-away countries.panama, a nation with fewer people that minneapolis, holds the registration of one quarter of theworld’s ships because taxes and labor costs are low. when a ship is in international waters,the laws of the country of registration apply. a ship registered in amsterdam could legallyhave prostitution and marijuana on board, as long as they got rid of the drugs and shutdown the brothels before sailing into territorial waters. once a ship is in the territorialwaters of a country, the onboard laws switch to that of the country the ship is physicallyin. this is the same for nationality law, kinda. a baby born on a dutch ship within12 miles of the us is a baby born in america.
since the us is one of the 30 countries thatunconditionally grants citizenship to any baby born within the country, a baby bornin us territorial waters is lucky enough to receive the world’s 8th most powerful passport.there are two exceptions to this rule. foreign diplomats visiting or living in the us witha diplomatic passport are not subject to the laws of the us or any other nation other thantheir own. consequently, the babies of foreign diplomats do not automatically receive americancitizenship. additionally, the babies of individuals staging a hostile invasion or occupation ofamerican territory are not granted american citizenship upon birth. here’s where thingsget even more confusing. even though a ship in international waters is an extension ofthe territory of the nation it’s registered
in law wise, the rules for nationality aredifferent. the united nations treaty on the reduction of statelessness, which is followedby… some… countries, says that a baby born in international waters should just takethe nationality of their parents. most of the world’s countries use the principleof bloodline to determine if a baby should get citizenship rather than whether or nota baby was born in the country. however, there are some countries that won’t give citizenshipto a baby born outside the country. in that case, the baby would take the citizenshipof the country in which the ship was registered. alright, that’s enough with babies. there’sa long history of exploiting maritime laws. during prohibition, us ships started to changetheir registration to panama and other foreign
countries so they could serve alcohol in internationalwaters. in the mid-century, casino boats left from many cities where gambling was illegalto partake in legal gambling in international waters. in 2005, entrepreneur roger greenstarted seacode, a company that planned to evade us labor laws by placing an old cruiseship 12 miles off the shore of california. they would bring in foreign coders and housethem in this ship where they would not have to abide by us wage laws or go through thedifficult visa application process. the idea never came to fruition but the technical legalityof it just shows how convoluted maritime law is. the laws for airplanes are pretty muchthe same. technically, once an airplane has taken off, the laws of the country of registrationapply. the only law that is applies and differs
among countries is the drinking age. a britishairways flight from new york to london can serve alcohol to 18 year olds, however, inmost cases, airlines choose to follow the laws of the origin country. spacecraft alsofollow very similar laws, and luckily, i have a whole other video just about space law.make sure to check it out here. you can also click here to subscribe to wendover productionsand follow me on twitter @wendoverpro. please also be sure to watch my last video on whycollege is so expensive. it’s a great video so please check it out if you haven’t doneso already. thank you for watching and i’ll see you soon with another wendover productionsvideo.
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